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Welcome
to the home of professional-liability.com –
the Internet's #1 resource for information on professional liability, errors &
omissions, and malpractice insurance!
First
of all, let's take a moment to define what is meant by the
term, "professional liability insurance." Simply stated,
it insures a person and/or an entity (corporation, LLC, LLP,
partnership, etc.) against claims made by third parties (clients,
patients, customers, etc.), alleging negligence in the rendering
of, or the failure to render, professional services.
Exactly
what constitutes "negligence" is often a bit ambiguous,
but can be loosely defined as the failure to provide the degree of
knowledge, care or skill of the average professional peer, in good
standing, under similar circumstances. Essentially, anyone or any
firm that holds themselves out as experts in a particular field
can be held responsible for their work; their advice; their
counsel.
By
the way, "professional liability" insurance is also
often referred to as "errors & omissions" or
"E&O" or "malpractice" insurance. These
are just different ways of saying the same thing. So, for the sake
of simplicity, we are going to refer to it as professional liability
insurance, unless we are discussing an area that more commonly uses
another term. Due to the fact that medical professional liability
("malpractice") insurance is such a complex issue on its
own, we have a separate Website called insurance4docs.com. If
you are a doctor, dentist, chiropractor, or any other medical or
healthcare professional, please click here
to visit that site.
Historically,
professional liability insurance was designed for what are often
referred to as, "learned professions" – such as
doctors, lawyers, CPA's, architects, engineers, etc. These are
professions that require an advanced academic degree, licensing,
etc.
In
recent years, however, the scope of professional liability
coverage has broadened significantly, and now includes such things
as business management or marketing consultants, technology
consultants, software designers and engineers, Internet service
providers, public relations, environmental consultants, all sorts
of mental health or substance abuse counselors, and yes, insurance
agents and brokers. The list, in fact, is virtually limitless, as
just about anyone who claims to be an expert in ________________,
and is compensated for his/her/their expertise, can be held liable
in the event that things don't turn out as they should.
A
common misconception that we hear is that all one needs to do in
order to avoid liability is to establish a corporation, limited
liability company ("LLC"), or other type of limited
liability entity, so that should a claim be made all one
supposedly has to do is to "bankrupt" the entity and
just walk away. Well, wait just a moment; not so fast! Most professional
liability claims are based upon a personal service. While the
contract (written or not) may have been made with a corporation,
LLC or such, the actual work or advice is provided by a person,
whether a member or shareholder of the entity, or an employee.
Thus, this type of claim generally names boththe
entity andthe individual(s) involved.
Think
of it this way: Most of us have visited a doctor's
office and seen something like, "WILLIAM SMITH, M.D., P.C."
on the door. Dr. Smith's practice is, in fact, a professional
corporation. Now, let us suppose that Dr. Smith is a plastic
surgeon, and that you ask him to perform a rhinoplasty ("nose
job"). Dr. Smith does so, and after the bandages come off you
discover that he totally botched the job. You sue Dr. Smith for
medical malpractice. Do you think, for one moment, that Dr. Smith
would claim that he cannot be held personally liable since he
practices as a corporation? Of course not. His corporation did not
perform the surgery, DR. SMITH did!
Corporations
and other similar entities are often excellent ways to take full
advantage of certain tax laws and regulations, including pension
plans, etc. In most cases they also do provide protection against
what might be referred to as "transactional" or
"organizational" liabilities, such as trade debts, lease
obligations, etc.
Now,
let me make it clear that we are not an attorneys, and nothing that
we
say can or should be construed as legal advice. If you have any specific
questions of a legal nature, please be sure that you consult with
an attorney. If your attorney has questions about insurance
issues, please ask him or her to call us. There are many fine attorneys out there, a number of
whom we are proud to have as clients.
One
of the key issues to consider when deciding upon professional
liability insurance coverage is that of defense.
Even were we to assume that you or your firm would never
make an "error" or "omission", you simply
cannot ignore the fact that anyone can allege virtually anything -
and drag you into court. Maybe it has nothing whatsoever to
do with you, but another firm gets sued by a client, and they then
cross-complain against anyone and everyone who was even remotely
involved in the disputed work. Even if it turns out that you have
done nothing wrong, you could still be faced with thousands of
dollars in defense costs.
Remember,
good professional liability defense attorneys tend to be
specialists, and they are not inexpensive. While the attorney who
wrote your Will, or handled your friend's divorce, or worked with
you on forming your corporation, may very well be a superb lawyer,
he or she is probably not the one you want defending you
against a professional liability claim (and they will undoubtedly
tell you just that). Furthermore, unlike the plaintiff's attorney,
who may be working on some form a contingency basis,
defense attorneys get paid, regardless of the outcome. Therefore,
they usually request a substantial retainer and deposit against costs
before agreeing to represent you.
Oh,
one more thing . . . we sometimes hear from clients that they
believe that if they "win", they will simply demand that
the losing plaintiff pay their legal bills. There are two key
problems with this theory. First, even if the court were to make
such an award, you still have to collect on the judgment; not to
mention the fact that you would already have had to pay your
attorneys in the first place. Second, such awards against a losing
party are extremely rare in courts in the United States.
But, by all means, speak with your attorney about this - if he or
she tells you differently, be sure to get that in writing!
OK,
where do we go from here?
When
considering the purchase of professional liability insurance
coverage, the first critical decision must be that of
selecting your insurance broker. It is often counter-productive to
submit multiple applications to lots of different brokers. While
you may think that this encourages "competition" in
reality is usually results in a muddle of confusing choices. Most
good, experienced professional liability specialist brokers will not participate in a
"cattle call" since clients who believe that this is the
way to buy insurance are often simply looking for the
"cheapest" price they can find, with little or no
interest in the terms of the policy or the quality and experience
of the underwriter and insurance carrier. If all you are
looking for is "cheap" insurance, please do NOT call
us - we do not offer "cheap" insurance. Ironically, sometimes
good insurance can cost less than "cheap" insurance -
not always, but sometimes.
Most
insurers will only release a quote to one broker. Should multiple
submissions arrive, the first submission is generally recognized
by the underwriter, and then all the other brokers are "blocked."
Let
us say that ABC Insurance Company gets a submission today from a
broker on your behalf, and tomorrow they get another submission
from another broker, also on your behalf. 99% of the time, ABC
will release their quote only to the first broker, and will
inform the second broker that the, "market is blocked."
So, what's the big deal, you ask? After all, if the first broker
brings you ABC's quote and you're happy with it, who cares about
the second broker.
In
some cases, you would be exactly correct. No harm; no foul.
Unfortunately, most professional liability insurance policies are
customized to meet the specific needs of the specific client.
While ABC Insurance Company may have a common basic policy form,
this is only the "chassis" – much like a Ford might
have an identical chassis to a Mercury, but they end up as very
different cars.
To
this chassis, the insurance company then adds endorsements. Some
of these endorsements broaden the basic coverage; some add
restrictions or exclusions. A good, experienced professional
liability insurance broker knows the strengths and weaknesses of
each carrier and their policy forms, and knows which endorsements
might benefit a particular client, and which ones don't.
Furthermore,
an experienced insurance broker can negotiate with the underwriter
to, say, add, delete or modify the terms of the policy. A good
broker will also be able to explain to you – his or her
client – the terms of the coverage being proposed. If you feel
that a change is needed, your broker should be able to conduct
meaningful and competent negotiations on your behalf, rather than
simply accepting what is handed to him or her.
Now,
returning the quote from ABC Insurance Company that we mentioned
above, let us say that the broker who was first-in-line is really
not all that familiar with what it is that you do, or maybe has
very little experience dealing with professional liability. In
fact, the second broker, who is now "blocked"
really knows what he or she is doing. Unfortunately, the second
broker – the broker who can probably get you the
"best" (not necessarily the "cheapest") deal
– cannot do anything further for you with ABC's underwriter.
Indeed,
ABC Insurance Company may be a great company, but unless your
broker knows how to negotiate the best policy terms and
conditions, you may end up with, 1) less coverage than you
need, 2) more coverage than you need, 3) inappropriate –
or dangerous – exclusions, 4) a higher premium than you should
be paying . . . or maybe a combination of all of these.
Your
insurance broker should be truly "independent" - meaning
he or she is not focused solely upon selling you any one
particular insurance company's program.
This
is certainly not to suggest that "program" policies
aren't good ones. In fact, they often provide good coverage at a
fair price. Sometimes programs are "endorsed" by
various professional associations, such as bar associations,
medical societies, or other similar groups. While, in some
instances, endorsements such as these are truly meaningful, more often they are
little more than a marketing device, for which the
"endorsing" organization is paid a substantial amount of
money. For instance, we know of one program for attorneys where the
endorsing bar association receives a check for over $1 Million per
year for their "endorsement" – where do you think this
money comes from? Expensive policies, of course.
Some
programs are designed to be easy to underwrite - meaning that if
you or your firm fits within a preset "average" range,
you will qualify, but if you present any deviation from the
"norm", you end up either not qualifying - or paying
more for your coverage than you should. This is referred to as
"slot underwriting".
An
experienced and knowledgeable insurance broker, specializing in
professional liability coverage, will discuss with you all
available options . . . and most importantly, will be able to
discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of your
choices.
Most
professional liability policies are written on a
"claims-made" basis, though sometimes coverage is
available on an "occurrence" basis. Knowing which you
have - or which you need - can be absolutely critical in
preventing dangerous gaps in coverage.
Are
defense costs provided "within limits" or "outside
limits" or maybe somewhere in-between? What about the
deductible? Does it apply to defense costs? Does your policy
provide coverage for administrative or disciplinary proceeding
brought by a governmental or regulatory body?
What
"triggers" coverage? Does a simple allegation, such as a
statement made by a client, or does an actual written demand have
to be made . . . or maybe a lawsuit must be filed and served
before you are protected?
Do
you - the insured professional - have any input in settlement
negotiations? Is your consent required in order for your insurance
company to settle? If so, and if you decline to settle, what
happens at that point?
Who
selects defense counsel? Will your insurance company appoint an
attorney for you, or will you - the insured professional - have
any input about who is to represent you?
What
about your time? If you need to take time away from your practice
or your business for depositions, trial, etc., are you going to be
compensated in any way for your lost income?
There
are no "right" or "wrong" answers to any of
these questions, but it is critical that you - the insured
- know what coverage your premium dollars are buying. Getting
these questions answered should be part of the insurance
"buying" process, since once you have a claim, it's too
late to find out what coverage you don't have. Don't make
the common mistake of assuming that the policy that is handed to
you is what you need.
You
wouldn't sign a new Will without reading it, just because your
attorney tells you to, would you? You wouldn't just take two green
capsules a day for a month, without asking what kind of medicine
it is, just because your doctor told you to, would you?
If
you have selected your insurance broker carefully, he or she can
be depended upon to provide you with excellent service and advice
– but in the end, the ultimate responsibility for YOUR decisions
are up to YOU.
By
the way, we are often asked whether the fact that someone has had a
professional liability claim (or claims), or a disciplinary
history will prevent them from getting coverage? Absolutely
not!
While,
obviously, each applicant's situation must be reviewed
individually, prior claims or disciplinary experience is not
necessarily a huge problem. Frankly, even if your past experience
puts you into a "hard-to-place" category, an
experienced, creative professional liability insurance broker
should be able to find you good, affordable coverage.
For
additional information, please click on one of the selections to
the left. We're continually adding new categories, so if you don't
see your profession listed, it's only because we haven't had time
to prepare a page yet.